Effective May 1, the rehabilitation of deer fawns in Fairfax County is prohibited. Additionally, deer fawns originating from Fairfax County may not be rehabilitated in any other locality.
These restrictions on fawn rehabilitation, which are administered and enforced by the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources, are implemented to reduce potential transmission and spread of Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) within deer populations in the Commonwealth.
Chronic Wasting Disease is a slow, progressive neurologic disease affecting white-tailed deer and other members of the deer family. The disease is always fatal to affected animals and there is no vaccine to prevent infection and no known treatment for infected animals. This past deer season, CWD was confirmed in a white-tailed deer harvested in Fairfax County for the first time. As such, Fairfax County is being added to a CWD Disease Management Area, which includes regulatory actions to limit the spread of this disease within the county and to new areas.
State wildlife regulations (4VAC15-90-294) and wildlife rehabilitator permit conditions prohibit the rehabilitation of fawns in any county (including the cities and towns therein) designated for disease management. Within northern Virginia, this includes Fairfax, Prince William, Arlington, Loudoun, and Fauquier counties. These measures are implemented to protect the health and welfare of the overall deer population since rehabilitation activities could unknowingly result in the translocation and/or release of infected animals.
Given that fawns can no longer be rehabilitated in Fairfax County, it is especially important to make every effort possible to leave healthy fawns where they are found to have the best chance of survival.
White-tailed deer fawns are born April through July, with most fawns born in May and June. Newborn fawns are often found on lawns, in flower beds, gardens, bushes or areas of tall grass near homes. It is common for people to encounter white-tailed deer fawns motionless and without their mother, then mistakenly assume it is orphaned or abandoned. In almost all cases, fawns are only temporarily left by their mothers for protection and just need to be left alone.
Female deer, called does, typically leave their fawns bedded down for extended periods of time while they are away foraging to avoid leading predators to their young. Young fawns are “hiders” and will not try to run away when they are approached. If you see a fawn that appears abandoned, leave it alone. The mother may be out of sight but is likely nearby. Does will return several times each day to move and/or feed their young. These visits are usually undetected by people because the mother deer only stays to feed the fawn for just a few minutes before leaving it alone again. The mother deer will be wary of you and human presence could prevent her from returning openly. Give the fawn space and keep children and pets away to allow the doe to return and care for her fawn.
A fawn’s best chance of survival is to remain in the wild under the natural care of its mother. Leave fawns alone unless their health is truly compromised, as euthanasia would be the only option if a fawn is removed from the wild and cannot be reunited with its mother. If you encounter a fawn, do not handle or disturb it; this causes unnecessary stress for the animal. Do not feed the fawn or attempt to care for it yourself. Raising a wild animal in captivity is illegal in Virginia unless you have a wildlife rehabilitation permit issued by the Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources.
You should only seek help for a fawn if it is showing obvious signs of injury or distress, such as wandering and crying incessantly, has swollen eyes, shows signs of trauma such as visible wounds or broken bones, or if there is a dead lactating doe nearby. If an animal is displaying these signs that may indicate it is sick, injured, or truly orphaned, please contact the Animal Protection Police for further guidance and assistance. The Fairfax County Animal Protection Police can be reached through the Police non-emergency line at 703-691-2131.